Traditions7 min
Matsuri: a guide to Japan's great festivals
Gion, Tenjin, Kanda, Awa Odori, Kanto: what a matsuri really is, what the mikoshi is for, when the big festivals happen and how to attend.
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The Kotoba Interactive journal.
Editorial features on the cultures, history and languages of Asia. Filter by culture, by topic, or search for what inspires you.
108 articles
Pop Culture6 min
Retro gaming in Japan: Super Potato and the art of collecting
Super Potato, Akihabara, Nakano Broadway, Den Den Town: where to find retro games in Japan, how to read the labels and why prices have exploded.
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Pop Culture7 min
Oshikatsu: the Japanese culture of supporting your oshi
Oshi, oshikatsu, ita-bag, saidan, ninchi: the vocabulary and rituals of supporting an idol in Japan, and why the banks joined in.
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Culture7 min
Flea markets and vintage in Japan: the second-hand guide
Kōbō-ichi, Ōedo, Boro-ichi, Shimokitazawa, Book Off: where to hunt for second-hand goods in Japan, on which day, with what vocabulary, and why the stock is so good.
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Pop Culture6 min
One Piece: why this manga became a phenomenon
Twenty-eight years of serialisation, more than 500 million copies, a single author: what really explains the longevity and the grip of One Piece on pop culture.
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Pop Culture7 min
The light novels that changed the industry, from Haruhi to Mushoku Tensei
Eight novels that moved the lines of Japanese light novels: Slayers, Boogiepop, Haruhi, Spice and Wolf, Sword Art Online, Overlord, Re:Zero, Mushoku Tensei.
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Culture6 min
Donghua: what really separates it from Japanese anime
The word, the source material, 3D, permitted themes, the markets: six concrete differences between Chinese and Japanese animation, and where to start.
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Society7 min
K-beauty, J-beauty, C-beauty: three schools of skincare compared
Routines, hero products, ingredients and business models: what really separates Korean, Japanese and Chinese cosmetics, without the marketing shortcuts.
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Pop Culture7 min
Isekai: where the genre that rules anime came from, and where it goes
Origins, narrative mechanics, Japanese vocabulary and signs of saturation: the complete guide to the isekai genre, from online novels to today's series.
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Culture7 min
Going to a sumo tournament in Tokyo: the practical guide
Tickets, timings, masu-seki boxes, etiquette and the ideal day at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan: everything you need to see a sumo basho in Tokyo.
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Culture7 min
JR Pass: when it is still worth buying in 2026
Price, coverage, Nozomi, regional passes: the full calculation to know whether the Japan Rail Pass is worth its 50,000 yen, and the routes where it no longer is.
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Food7 min
Nattō, kimchi, doubanjiang: three schools of Asian fermentation
Bacteria, moulds, salt and time: what really separates Japanese nattō, Korean kimchi and Sichuan doubanjiang, and the common ancestor that links them.
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Traditions9 min
Sumo: the rules, the rites and the banzuke hierarchy
Dohyo, banzuke, heya, kimarite: how to read a sumo tournament, understand the wrestlers' ranking and the rites that frame ten seconds of combat.
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Pop Culture8 min
Walking sims and auteur games: what Kojima made of them
From the mocking nickname given to Dear Esther to the strand game of Death Stranding: the history of the walking simulator, the auteur game and walking as a mechanic.
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Culture8 min
Lolita substyles: sweet, gothic and classic decoded
How to recognise the three great schools of Lolita fashion, the brands that define them, and why one dress can switch from one to another.
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Pop Culture9 min
Japanese figures explained: Nendoroid, scale and prize
Three families, three industries: how to tell a scale figure from a Nendoroid and a prize, at what price, and why Japanese law caps crane-game prizes at 1,000 yen.
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Pop Culture10 min
Gacha: the psychology and the Japanese vocabulary
爆死, 天井, すり抜け: Japanese invented an entire lexicon for random draws. What those words reveal about gacha mechanics and the psychology they exploit.
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Culture9 min
Travel apps for Japan: IC card, Tabelog and translation
An IC card on your phone, shinkansen booking, Tabelog and its misleading scores: the apps that actually work in Japan, and the ones that will not work for you.
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Culture11 min
Tokyo: the district guide that makes the city legible
Yamanote and Shitamachi, special wards, terminal stations: how Tokyo is organised, what each district is for, and why the streets have no names.
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Food9 min
Kissaten: inside Japan's retro coffee house culture
The kissaten, Japan's café before the chains: its legal origin, jazz kissa, naporitan, cream soda, morning service and the unlikely revival of a genre declared dead.
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Food10 min
Izakaya: how the Japanese small-plates bar actually works
Otōshi, nomihōdai, toriaezu nama: how an izakaya runs, where it came from in Edo's sake shops, and what to order without getting it wrong.
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Pop Culture9 min
Bias, oshi, choeae: the favourite system inside fandoms
Bias, bias wrecker, ultimate bias, oshi, choeae, weifen: how Asian fandoms turned picking a favourite into an institution, a vocabulary and an economy.
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Arts9 min
Tatsuro Yamashita and Mariya Takeuchi, the city pop couple
Sugar Babe, RIDE ON TIME, Variety, Plastic Love: the story of the couple who defined the Japanese city pop sound and of its global rebirth through YouTube.
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Traditions9 min
Onsen etiquette: the 12 rules to know before you get in
Wash first, keep the towel out of the water, tattoos, yukata: the complete guide to the Japanese hot spring bath, with the vocabulary to pick the right curtain.
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Food9 min
The Okinawa diet: what the centenarians actually ate
Purple sweet potato, goya, tofu, pork: the traditional Okinawan diet as the surveys measured it, and why it had already vanished by the time its legend began.
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Arts8 min
Studio Trigger, MAPPA, ufotable: the studios that matter
Trigger, MAPPA, ufotable: three Japanese animation studios that became brands. Foundations, visual signatures, key works and the reality of anime production.
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Pop Culture8 min
Japanese game centers: arcade culture and its decline
The history of Japanese game centers, from Space Invaders to claw machines: golden age, versus rituals, the collapse in venue numbers and the survivors.
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Arts12 min
Hayao Miyazaki: Biography and Work of a Master
Hayao Miyazaki's life and work: from Nausicaä to founding Studio Ghibli, from Spirited Away to The Boy and the Heron, his two Oscars and his great themes.
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Food14 min
Wagashi: Japan's Traditional Confectionery, Explained
History, ingredients and types of wagashi, Japan's tea confections. Nerikiri, yokan, daifuku, dorayaki: a complete, sensory guide to Japanese sweets.
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Food13 min
Japanese Tea: Sencha, Gyokuro, Hojicha, Genmaicha
Japanese tea is not just matcha: sencha, gyokuro, hojicha, genmaicha. Origins, terroirs, brewing temperatures and the vocabulary to understand it all.
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Society10 min
Konbini: why Japan's convenience stores are legendary
56,000 konbini nationwide, open around the clock, official disaster shelters: inside the Japanese convenience store that became a national institution.
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Arts12 min
The vermilion of the torii: why Asian temples are these colours
Red that repels evil and protects wood, the gold of the Buddha, the five colours of dancheong: what the colours of Japanese, Chinese and Korean shrines actually say.
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Food11 min
Kissaten, dalgona, Luckin: how Asia turned to coffee
Tea was Asia's mother drink. In a century, the Japanese kissaten, Korean dalgona and China's Luckin have installed coffee alongside it.
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Traditions11 min
Why Vietnam has a cat where China has a rabbit
The same twelve-animal zodiac, three countries, three lists that do not match: the Vietnamese cat, the Japanese boar, and the linguistic explanation for the gap.
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Traditions13 min
Hanakotoba: The Secret Language of Flowers in Japan
Funereal camellia, graveyard lycoris, fleeting cherry blossom: in Japan every flower carries a coded message you had best read before offering a bouquet.
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Society9 min
Japanese Housing: Decoding Mansion, Apāto and the 1K Code
Apāto or mansion, 1K or 1LDK, tatami, shikikin, reikin: learn to read a Japanese rental listing and decode housing in Japan without getting lost.
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Society9 min
Karoshi: Understanding Death by Overwork in Japan
Karoshi, or death by overwork, has haunted Japan since the 1980s. The origins of the word, the Dentsu case, the reforms: the anatomy of a social ill.
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Society8 min
Hikikomori: The Social Withdrawal That Is Ageing With Japan
Hikikomori, the prolonged social withdrawal born in Japan, is no longer a teenage affair: it is ageing, becoming chronic, and unsettling an entire society.
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Business & Tech9 min
Sega: the rise and fall of a video game giant
The story of Sega (セガ): from slot machines on American bases to Sonic, from the Dreamcast to leaving hardware behind. The rise and fall of a giant.
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Business & Tech10 min
Nintendo: from hanafuda cards to global video games
The story of Nintendo, from the hanafuda card workshop founded in Kyoto in 1889 to the Famicom, Wii and Switch consoles. A century of pivots.
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Pop Culture10 min
The Legend of Zelda: the story of a cult saga
The full history of The Legend of Zelda, from the 1986 Famicom to Tears of the Kingdom: Miyamoto, Hyrule, the Triforce and the DNA of Nintendo.
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Society9 min
Yuru-chara: Kumamon and the Empire of Japanese Mascots
Kumamon, Funassyi, Hikonyan: a deep dive into yuru-chara, the regional mascots worth billions of yen that embody Japan's brand of place marketing.
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Pop Culture9 min
Purikura: The Japanese Photo Booths That Invented the Selfie
Purikura, the Japanese sticker-photo booths born in 1995, invented digital beautification long before SNOW. History, culture and vocabulary.
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Culture7 min
Anisong: When Anime Music Conquered the World
From Astro Boy theme songs to Animelo Summer Live concerts, the story of anisong, Japanese anime music turned global industry and a musical genre in its own right.
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Pop Culture9 min
Seiyu: Japan's Voice Actors Who Become Stars
In Japan, seiyu (声優) dub anime and sell out stadiums. The history, schools, salaries and figures of a craft that turned into an idol machine.
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Pop Culture9 min
Doujinshi: the amateur manga that shaped Japan
Doujinshi (同人誌), self-published manga made by circles of enthusiasts, fuels Comiket and launched CLAMP and Type-Moon. Inside a counter-economy of drawing.
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Pop Culture9 min
Light novel: the Japanese illustrated novel explained
The light novel (ライトノベル), a manga-styled illustrated Japanese novel: origins, the Haruhi and Sword Art Online turning points, the narou pipeline and media mix explained.
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Traditions13 min
Nebuta Matsuri: Aomori's Giant Lantern Floats
Every August, Aomori sets the night ablaze with towering washi-paper lantern floats. History, craft, and the haneto dance of Japan's most flamboyant matsuri.
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Business & Tech17 min
Nemawashi: The Japanese Art of Deciding by Consensus
Nemawashi (根回し), the Japanese art of building consensus before the meeting even begins. Origins, its link to ringi and the hanko seal, strengths and limits.
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Society13 min
Asian Nail Art: The Manicure as a Fine Art
3D reliefs and jewels in Japan, minimalist jelly nails in Korea: a journey through Asian nail art, its techniques, its salons, and its global reach.
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Culture15 min
The Cat in Japan: Maneki-neko, Bakeneko and Cat Islands
From the lucky maneki-neko to feline yōkai bakeneko, from cat islands to cat cafés: a journey through a Japan that both worships and fears the cat.
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Culture7 min
Lolita fashion: the origins and styles of a Japanese look
Inside Japanese Lolita fashion. From the streets of Harajuku to communities worldwide: the origins, the substyles and the strict codes of a singular aesthetic.
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Food7 min
Ichiju-sansai: the structure of a Japanese breakfast
One soup, three dishes: the ichiju-sansai rule that organises the Japanese breakfast. Rice, miso, grilled fish, natto, tsukemono, and how to rebuild it at home.
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Culture6 min
Kit Kat in Japan: the limited-edition frenzy
How a British chocolate bar became a Japanese cultural phenomenon. More than 400 flavours, a good-luck charm for exams, and regional limited editions.
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Pop Culture12 min
Visual novels: history of a genre
The full history of visual novels, from 1990s Japan to the global phenomenon. Origins, narrative mechanics, landmark works, and influence on gaming and animation.
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Food11 min
Ramune: the marble soda of Japan
The full history of ramune, Japan's iconic marble soda. Victorian origins, the Codd bottle, flavours, the opening ritual, and its enduring place in Japanese pop culture.
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Culture13 min
Yokai: The Supernatural Bestiary That Haunts Japan's Imagination
A complete guide to Japanese yokai: kitsune, tanuki, tengu, kappa, oni, and other supernatural creatures. Origins, cultural significance, from Toriyama Sekien to Pokemon and Ghibli.
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Culture12 min
Gyaru: The Japanese Fashion Subculture That Defied Convention
A complete guide to gyaru (ギャル): from Shibuya's kogal girls to ganguro, the history of a rebellious Japanese subculture, its styles, its magazines, and its lasting influence on global fashion.
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Traditions12 min
Hanami: The Japanese Art of Cherry Blossom Viewing
A complete guide to hanami in Japan: its thousand-year history, the cultural meaning of sakura, the best viewing spots, picnic etiquette, and blossom forecasts.
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Pop Culture10 min
Uta no Prince-sama: When an Otome Game Becomes a Musical Empire
From the PSP to 30,000-seat arenas, the story of UtaPri, the male idol franchise that redefined the Japanese media mix and spawned an entire industry.
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Business & Tech10 min
Broccoli: The Japanese Company That Bet Everything on Fans
From Galaxy Angel trading cards to the Uta no Prince-sama phenomenon, the story of Broccoli, the Japanese publisher that built its model on media mix and fan devotion.
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Culture11 min
Vocaloid and Hatsune Miku: Japan's Synthetic Pop Revolution
The history of Vocaloid software, Hatsune Miku's rise as a virtual pop star, the creative community behind the phenomenon, and the cultural revolution of Japanese synthetic music.
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Culture10 min
Cosplay: From American Sci-Fi to Japanese Pop Culture Phenomenon
From 1930s American science fiction conventions to a multi-billion dollar global phenomenon, the complete history of cosplay, its Japanese transformation, major events, and worldwide cultural impact.
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Culture9 min
Boys Over Flowers: How a Japanese Manga Became a Korean and Global Phenomenon
From Hana Yori Dango to Boys Over Flowers, a look back at the history of a franchise that crossed borders, languages, and screens, from shojo manga to the most widely exported K-drama of the 21st century.
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Food7 min
Chopsticks: Etiquette and Differences in Japan, Korea and China
The chopstick guide for Asia: Chinese origin, Japanese shapes, Korean metal, table manners and taboos to know in Japan, Korea and China.
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History12 min
Yasuke: The African Samurai Who Served Nobunaga
The documented story of Yasuke (弥助), the African man who entered Oda Nobunaga's service in 1581. Sources, debates and the legacy of a legend.
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Society6 min
4 and 8 across Asia: the map of lucky and unlucky numbers
China, Japan, Korea: three languages, three sets of homophones, the same fourth floor missing from the lifts. A comparative table of the digits.
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Arts13 min
Visual kei and beatmania: two Japanese music scenes
On one side a look that founded a school and its pioneering bands, on the other the rhythm game cabinets that produced their own repertoire. Two scenes, one country.
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Arts12 min
Touhou Project: The Cult Indie Bullet-Hell Saga
The story of Touhou Project, the cult danmaku series built single-handedly by ZUN. PC-98 origins, Gensōkyō, music, dōjin policy and the world's largest fan ecosystem.
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Society13 min
Juken, bukatsu, randoseru: the Japanese school system explained
The 6-3-3-4 structure, the satchel that lasts six years, the compulsory club that eats the evenings, and juken, the exam war that sometimes starts very early.
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Arts14 min
Studio Ghibli: A Guide to Every Film
A complete guide to every Studio Ghibli film, from Nausicaä to The Boy and the Heron. History, directors, timeline, themes and a recommended viewing order.
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Society11 min
RTA in Japan: the speedrun marathon that won the country over
RTA, the art of finishing a game too fast, the charity marathon that fills the streaming platforms, and why the giant of video games was so late to e-sport.
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Arts13 min
Shōnen: The Codes and History of Action Manga
Origins, magazines and codes of shōnen, from Shōnen Sekai in 1895 to Jujutsu Kaisen. History, archetypes and the friendship-effort-victory creed of action manga.
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Arts11 min
Seinen vs Shōnen: Understanding Manga Demographics
Seinen or shōnen? Decoding manga's demographic categories: target ages, tone, magazines, examples and false friends. What truly decides the label.
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History15 min
Sakoku: How Japan Closed Itself to the World
The history of sakoku, Japan's closure under the Tokugawa. Edicts, Dejima, Christian persecution, Perry's black ships, and the nuance historians now stress.
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Society13 min
Japanese Minimalism: Danshari, the Art of Letting Go
Danshari, the Japanese minimalism that turns decluttering into a spiritual path. Yoga and Zen roots, three characters, Yamashita Hideko, Marie Kondō.
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Arts14 min
Mecha: A History of Japan's Giant Robots
From Tetsujin and Mazinger to Gundam and Evangelion, the complete history of the mecha genre: super robots, real robots, Gunpla and global influence.
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Society14 min
Maid Café: Origins and Codes of the Japanese Meido Kafe
History and rituals of the Japanese maid café (メイドカフェ): birth in Akihabara, moe culture, the okaerinasaimase welcome, cheki photos, etiquette and variants.
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Arts13 min
Magical Girl: From Sailor Moon to Madoka
A history of the mahō shōjo genre, from Mahōtsukai Sally in 1966 to Madoka Magica. Origins, the henshin codes, Sailor Moon, Cardcaptor Sakura and the great deconstruction.
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Society13 min
Juku: The Cram Schools That Rule Japan's Nights
Inside Japan's juku (塾), the private after-school cram schools. Definition, types, history from the terakoya, major chains, costs and the debate over academic pressure.
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Society12 min
Gachapon: Japan's Capsule Toy Culture
The history and culture of gachapon, Japan's capsule-toy machines. Onomatopoeic origins, Bandai, Kaiyōdō, Fuchiko, and an industry worth hundreds of billions of yen.
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Society13 min
Gacha Games: The Mechanics and Controversies Explained
Gacha (ガチャ) explains the economics of mobile gaming. Drop rates, tenjō pity, the 2012 komp-gacha scandal, and the worldwide loot-box regulation battle.
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Traditions11 min
Furoshiki: the Japanese art of wrapping with cloth
History and technique of furoshiki, the Japanese wrapping cloth. Origins in public baths, musubi knots, motifs, decline and zero-waste revival.
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Society10 min
Vending Machines in Japan: Why Are They Everywhere?
Four million machines, from city corners to mountain trails. The history, the reasons, and the wild variety of Japan's vending machines.
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Arts12 min
City Pop: The Global Revival of a Forgotten Sound
The story of Japanese city pop, the bubble-era sound resurrected by YouTube and TikTok. From Takeuchi Mariya to Matsubara Miki, a worldwide revival decades later.
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History13 min
The 47 Rōnin: history and legend of a revenge
The true story of the 47 rōnin and its legend, the Chūshingura. From the 1701 Akō incident to the seppuku at Sengaku-ji: facts, dates and the myth of samurai Japan.
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Traditions19 min
Chinese Zodiac: The Twelve Animals and Their Legend
From twelve animals to five elements, the Chinese zodiac hides a fascinating cosmology. The great race legend, the betrayed cat, and Fruits Basket.
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Society15 min
Japanese Toilets: Technology and the Culture of Hygiene
From TOTO's washlet to futuristic public restrooms, Japanese toilets embody a cultural obsession with comfort, cleanliness, and innovation.
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Society9 min
Valentine's, White Day, Black Day: Love Across East Asia
From Valentine's to White Day and Black Day, how Japan, Korea, and China reinvented love holidays. Plus: the horror game White Day.
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Society17 min
PS Vita: Why Sony's Handheld Failed in the West
The PS Vita conquered Japan but failed in Europe and the US. A deep dive into the technical, strategic, and cultural reasons behind Sony's handheld demise.
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Society11 min
Pepero Day: November 11, Korea's Beloved Snack Holiday
On 11/11, South Korea celebrates Pepero Day. History of Lotte's iconic snack, marketing genius, Pocky Day rivalry, and cultural phenomenon.
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Language11 min
Oppa, Senpai, Gege: Titles That Shape East Asian Society
Oppa, Noona, Hyeong, Senpai, Kohai, Gege, Jiejie: understanding the honorific titles governing social relationships in Japan, Korea, and China.
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Food18 min
Matcha: History and Secrets of Japanese Green Tea
From the emerald powder of Zen monks to the global matcha latte, a deep dive into the history, production, and secrets of Japan's most iconic tea.
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Society10 min
Karaoke: From Japan to the World, the Art of Singing Together
History of karaoke, from its invention in Japan to noraebang culture in Korea and KTV in China. How a machine changed our evenings.
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Traditions14 min
Japan's 72 Micro-Seasons: Nature's Hidden Calendar
Discover Japan's 72 kō, a poetic calendar dividing the year into five-day micro-seasons that shaped Japanese culture, food, and art for centuries.
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Food11 min
Nigiri, maki, chirashi: the great families of sushi
From fermented narezushi to Edo fast food, the neta, the shari, the itamae's ten years and the etiquette of the counter: everything the word sushi covers.
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Arts14 min
Shojo: How Girls' Manga Conquered the World
From Meiji-era magazines to Sailor Moon and Fruits Basket, discover how shojo manga revolutionized comics, invented a unique visual language, and amplified women's voices in the manga industry.
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Society11 min
Otome Games: Japan Reinvents the Love Story
From Angelique's 1994 debut to global hits like Hakuōki and Uta no Prince-sama, discover how otome games became a billion-yen industry and a worldwide cultural phenomenon.
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Arts11 min
Manga, manhwa, manhua: an East Asian culture glossary
Shōjo, seinen, hallyu, xianxia, webtoon: a dictionary of the terms, genres and traditions of Japan, South Korea and China, sorted by country.
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Society12 min
Ib, Mad Father, Misao: Asian Indie Horror Games
From Ib to Mad Father, Misao to White Day: explore the Japanese and Korean indie horror games that terrified a generation through pixel art, dread and unforgettable storytelling.
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Arts9 min
Japanese Idols: From AKB48 to Morning Musume
From Tsunku's auditions to Akimoto's Akihabara theater, explore the Japanese idol groups that reshaped pop culture and influenced all of Asia.
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Arts14 min
CLAMP: Four Women Who Redefined Manga
The story of CLAMP, the legendary all-female manga collective, from their doujinshi origins to global dominance with Cardcaptor Sakura, X, xxxHolic, and more.
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Traditions10 min
Chanoyu: The Sacred Art of Japanese Tea
Explore the art of Japanese Sadō, where every gesture, bowl, and season carries a centuries-old philosophy blending hospitality, aesthetics, and spirituality.
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Society10 min
Sanrio and Hello Kitty: The Global Empire of Japanese Kawaii
From silk to Hello Kitty through Kuromi, Cinnamoroll and My Melody, the history of Sanrio, the Japanese company that invented the economy of kawaii.
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Arts9 min
Japanese Stationery: A Culture of Detail and the Art of Writing
A deep dive into Japanese stationery: Midori, Hobonichi, Pilot, Tombow, washi and stationery lovers, a daily art of detail that has become a global cult.
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Arts10 min
Gunpla: The Culture of Gundam Model Kits in Japan
From Bandai's first 1980 boxes to today's Real Grades, a deep dive into Gunpla, the Japanese hobby where assembling a Gundam becomes a meditative art.
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