KotobaInteractive
Journal

The Kotoba Interactive journal.

Editorial features on the cultures, history and languages of Asia. Filter by culture, by topic, or search for what inspires you.

Glossary
2 articles
Salle de classe d’une école élémentaire japonaise avec ses pupitres alignés, à l’école primaire Hitane.
JapaneseSociété13 min

The Japanese School System: From 6-3-3-4 to Juken

Inside the Japanese school system: the 6-3-3-4 structure, randoseru, kyūshoku, bukatsu, the juken exam war and juku. Equity, discipline and human costs, unflinchingly.

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Salle de classe typique d’une école élémentaire japonaise, avec cartables et casiers au fond.
JapaneseSociété12 min

Juku: The Cram Schools That Rule Japan's Nights

Inside Japan's juku (塾), the private after-school cram schools. Definition, types, history from the terakoya, major chains, costs and the debate over academic pressure.

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